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Nursing process in a patient with hydrocephalus
Suková, Elishka ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The present bachelor thesis is devoted to the nursing process and education in a patient with hydrocephalus. The aim of the thesis was to determine to what extent the disease affects the patient's quality of life, focusing on the period before and after the insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Furthermore, how the patient felt during the hospitalization, whether he was satisfied with the attitude of the staff, whether he was properly educated before and after surgery or before discharge to home care. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to a detailed description of the disease, its causes in neonatal, childhood and adulthood, symptoms of patients of all ages and treatment options. The empirical part of the thesis is based on quantitative research investigation, analysis of the obtained data and comparison of the results of the thesis with similar works. The research method chosen was a quantitative survey using a non-standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire survey was carried out at the Neurosurgical Clinic of Motol University Hospital and the 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University, after prior approval of the deputy for nursing care and with the consent of the management of the clinic. The results of the survey showed that 86.11% of the respondents reported an improvement...
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Recent findings in the therapy of postoperative scars and their complicatoin in the abdominal region - literature research.
Smolej, Július ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Novotná, Irena (referee)
Title: Recent findings in the therapy of postoperative scars and their complicatoin in the abdominal region - systematic review Objective: The main objective of this diploma thesis is the evaluation of different therapeutic approaches in the therapy of postoperative scars in their proliferative phase of healing and postoperative scar pain in the abdominal region, based on the available resources corresponding to the established inclusion criteria. This thesis makes effort to evaluate which therapeutic method is most often used in the proliferative phase of healing and is most effective in acute and chronic postoperative scar pain treatment. The inclusion criteria for this review are the POSAS, VSS and NRS scales. Method: This thesis is processed in the form of a systematic review. The search of sources was carried out in specialized Internet databases and electronic portals UKAŽ, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, Pubmed, EBSCOhost, PEDro, Medline, Web of Science based on keywords. The first part of the thesis contains a theoretical introduction to scar tissues. The second part is descriptive-analytical in nature and contains an analysis of the individual studies included in the literature search examining different interventions in the treatment of postoperative abdominal scars. Results: A...
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Taking Care of Prostatectomy Patients Making Use of the Callisty Roy Nursing Programme
KRAMÁŘOVÁ, Iva
This diploma thesis deals with nursing care for prostatectomy patients using Callista Roy´s nursing programme. The situation, after prostate surgery, is a new life experience for men, that takes adaptation. Callista Roy, the author of Adaptation Model, was dealing with patient adaptation. The diploma thesis has set three aims. The first aim was to find out what interventions are used by nurses to support patient adaptation after prostatectomy in individual Callista Roy´s adaptation models. The second aim was to find out what stimuli nurses observe while providing prostatetomy patients with nursing care, and the third aim was to find out what problems prostatectomy patients face in individual adaptation modes. Three research questions were determined for these three aims. The diploma thesis contains two research files. The first research file are Urological Intensive Care Unit nurses and the other one are patients hospitalized at the Urological Standard Unit. Data was collected using qualitative research, methodology of questionnaires, interviewing technnique in prostatectomy patients at a hospital facility and nurses taking care of these patients. The survey is made complete by participant observation. The survey was carried out in February and March 2023. Nurse interview results have proven that nurses apply elements of the adaptation physiological mode when providing prostatectomy patients with nursing care. Patient interview results have proven they do not observe any problem in adapting to hospital environment nor in adapting to the state after having their prostate removed. The patient interview results have implicitly proven that they downplay the problems, and they would appreciate some help supporting their adaptation. The results of this diploma thesis may serve as a study material for healthcare field students. The diploma thesis may serve as inspiration for nurses supporting patient adaptation to carried-out prostatectomy.
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The Nursing Care of the Patient after Kidney Transplant
Ondřichová, Adéla ; Bakusová, Tereza (advisor) ; Komínek, Tomáš (referee)
(v AJ) This bachelor thesis focuses on nursing care for a patient after kidney transplantation and presents a case study of a specific patient with chronic renal injury due to Alport syndrome, who underwent kidney transplantation from a cadaveric donor. The aim of this thesis is to describe and evaluate the nursing care provided to the patient after kidney transplantation. The theoretical part provides an overview of renal failure, elimination methods, aspects related to transplantation, and a crucial section, patient education after transplantation. In the practical part are described the basic steps of preparing the patient for kidney transplantation and following nursing care in the first few days after transplantation. The case study of the patient is presented by describing his health status before and after transplantation. At the end of this part are described nursing diagnoses, the results of nursing care, and its effectiveness in the context of the patient's overall health status. Key words: kidney transplant, nursing care, postoperative care, patient education, immunosuppressive therapy
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Pain management in the recovery room of the anesthesiology department
FRÜHAUFOVÁ, Tereza
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of patients experiencing postoperative pain in a Post Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The thesis is aimed at three basic goals. The first one is focused on the analysis of the pain a patient experiences in a PACU. The second goal is the in-depth comparison of the pain the patients experience after various surgeries and the third goal is to get the feedback on the nurses' approach to the pain assessment. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on the detailed explanation and the division of pain, treatment of pain and the function and the equipment of a PACU. The research part of this thesis was carried out in the form of quantitative research. A form with 22 questions, which was targeted on nurses working at the PACU, was used for the data acquisition. The questions were aimed at obtaining detailed data related to the evaluation of postoperative pain, but also at obtaining the information regarding staffing in particular hospitals. 183 nurses working in 79 hospitals filled out the form. There was also monitoring of pain carried out with 83 patients in the PACU in the Military University Hospital Prague. The patients experienced various types of surgeries. The results could help to find suitable strategies of evaluating and postoperative pain treatment in the PACU. During the research, it became obvious that patients who underwent neurosurgical operations of the spine experience the most intense pain. On the contrary, patients who underwent urological surgeries experience the least intense pain According to nurses'opinion the most important factors in evaluating patient's pain are the verbal expression of the patients and the change of physiological functions. Neither the lenght of practice nor the education has statistically a significant influence on the final evaluation of patient's pain. The experienced nurses with long-term practice predominate in the PACU. Based on the information given by nurses, it is safe to assume that the current treatment of postoperative pain is sufficient. It's rather rare for a patient to have strong pain after running out of options in analgetic treatment. It's worth noting that there are significant differences in the staffing of the PACU across hospitals.
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The nurse's role in the education of patients on surgical ward
KUBEŠOVÁ, Miroslava
The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis defines the role of a nurse-educator, the education reality consisting of the educational process, constructs, and the environment, it also concentrates on more particular introduction of the individual education topics in the pre-surgery and the post-surgery periods on a surgical ward. Four research goals were set in the empiric part of the thesis. The goals of the thesis were to find out in what ways nurses educated patients in the pre-surgery and the post-surgery periods. Further goals were to map the educational needs of patients before and after the surgery. The qualitative research form and the technique of semi-structured interviews conducted with nurses from a surgery department and patients before and after a planned surgery were chosen for the implementation of a significant part of the thesis. The criterion for the selection of respondents was that they should be patients of a surgery department with planned hospitalization longer than 2 days. The same patients were also interviewed during the post-operation period. The criterion for the selection of the nurses-respondents was that they had really worked at the standard ward of a surgery department for more than 3 months. The research sample set consisted of 9 nurses and 5 patients. Final categories and subcategories were defined based on the analyses of the carried our interviews. Educational material was prepared based on the research carried out with the patients and the nurses as the outcome from this bachelor thesis. The material was prepared in a form that enables its availability for a patient for the whole time of hospitalization. The use of the educational material can support the patient education on the surgical ward.
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Nursing care after upper limb replantation
KOVÁČOVÁ, Michaela
The theoretical part of this thesis first deals with the anatomy of an upper extremity, then it provides an introduction into traumatology, where a reader learns about amputation injuries, particularly about the types of amputation injury and the elementary first aid in such injuries. Further on it concentrates on the pre-surgery preparation for patients with indication to replantation, the course of the operation, post-surgery care and nursing care for patients after replantation in the upper extremity. The goal of this bachelor thesis was to examine the specifics of the nursing care for patients after replantation in the upper extremity. Nurses caring about such patients have numerous uneasy tasks, which they have to fulfil dutifully and with consideration. To be able to provide these patients with the care corresponding with the standards of nursing care, nurses have to have sufficient knowledge, which was the second goal examined within this thesis. Quantitative methodology was chosen for the achievement of these goals in the practical part. Semi-structured interviews related to the research questions were prepared. The survey sample set consisted of nurses working at the department where amputation injuries are sent most often, the trauma surgery department. We found out that if nurses are not sure how to proceed in the care and do not know the exact principles, they either turn to a physician or to a more experienced colleague. The school curriculum in terms of replantation seems insufficient. As summarization and revision of procedures have their importance, preparation of a seminar Nursing Care for Patients after Replantation in the Upper Extremity appears to be reasonable and helpful for nurses providing care to patients with these problems.
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Nurse´s role in caring for abdominal sudden event patients
JAREŠOVÁ, Kristýna
This bachelor thesis focuses on the role of nursing staff in the case of providing health for patients with acute abdominal incident (AAI) with a focus on preoperative and postoperative care for patient with AAI from the perspective of patients and nursing staff. This bachelor thesis is traditionally divided in the two parts, theoretical and prac-tical. This work aimed to "Describe the preoperative nursing care for patients with AAI" and "Describe postoperative nursing care for patients with AAI". The research part of this bachelor thesis has been conducted using a semi-structured interview with nurses work-ing in the surgical department and with patients who underwent AAI. Theoretical satu-ration was achieved with 5 nurses and 5 patients. The interviews were according and transcripted verbatim afterwards. The obtained information was processed by an open coding method and subsequently categorized. The research was conducted in April 2021. The interviews with patients display, that patients in critical condition with AAI are not able to perceive the preoperative care. The research also showed that the area of postoperative care is perceive by patients after AAI in the same way as other patients after other planned procedures. Futhermore the interviews suggest that patients appro-priately understand the necessary measures they have to follow once they are released from hospital to their home environment, which indicates that the nursing staff pro-vides adequate education to their patients. Results from nursing staff´s interviews show, that the nursing staff understand adequate procedure in acute preoperative and postoperative care when dealing with patients with AAI. The results from the preopera-tive care interviews identify an insufficient psychological preparation before an acute surgery in patients with AAI. The nursing staff acknowledges this problem. In their opinion, this problem is connected to the lack of time available in the preoperative preparations. This bachelor thesis suggest that better cooperation among the nursing staff is necessary when dealing with patients with AAI and also that psychological sup-port before an operation should not be overlooked. The results from this bachelor thesis can be used as study materials for medical staff or medical students.
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The Role of Nurse of Patient after Kidney Transplantation
ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, Tereza
The diploma thesis sets two goals: 1. To find out the role of the nurse in postoperative care of a patient after a kidney transplant. 2. To map the specifics of nursing care for patients after kidney transplantation. Therefore, in order to meet the goals, four research questions were set: 1. What is the role of the nurse in postoperative care of a patient after a kidney transplant? 2. How does the role of a nurse in the postoperative period in a patient after a kidney transplant differ from postoperative care of the patient to another abdominal operation? 3. How does the role of a nurse in the postoperative period differ in a kidney transplant patient after another abdominal surgery in the standard ward and in the ICU? 4. What are the differences in the postoperative nursing care of a patient after a kidney transplant and the postoperative care of a patient after another abdominal surgery in the first days after the operation? The theoretical part of the work is divided into individual chapters, which describe the history and development of kidney transplantation, indications and contraindications of kidney transplantation, organ donation and inclusion on the waiting list, surgical techniques of transplantation and postoperative complications, immunosuppression and specifics of postoperative care and the effect of transplantation on pregnancy. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the history and modern view of the roles of nurses, the relationship between nurse and patient and finally the role of nurses in surgical fields. The practical part of the diploma thesis is processed by a qualitative method in the form of a semi-structured interview. The interview was conducted on the basis of pre-prepared questions with ten general nurses working in the inpatient department and intensive care unit of Transplant Surgery at IKEM. The analysis of the interviews took place in the form of "paper-pencil" and the method of open coding. All interviewed nurses refused to record the interviews in the form of an audio recording, which was respected. The results were divided into categories. The work should provide a comprehensive view of patient care in the postoperative period after kidney transplantation, describe its complexity and the differences between patient care after normal abdominal surgery and after transplantation. It can be used as a teaching material.
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Comprehensive nursing care of the patient with gallbladder disease from perspective of nurse and patient
HLINŠŤÁKOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with comprehensive nursing care for patients with gallbladder diseases. The aim of the work was to find out how not only the patient but also the nurse looks at preoperative and postoperative care. Four objectives were set in the work, as the first "Map the comprehensive preoperative preparation before gallbladder surgery in the surgical department from the nurse's point of view." after the gallbladder surgery in the surgical ward from the nurse's point of view." And fourth "Map postoperative care after gallbladder surgery in the surgical ward from the patient's perspective." A qualitative research survey using a semi-structured interview technique was chosen for data collection. The research group consisted of patients who underwent gallbladder surgery and nurses working in the surgical department. It turned out that patients do not really perceive the preoperative sequence of nursing care, but rather follow the instructions of nurses. Further investigation has shown that all patients know the principles they must follow after discharge from the hospital (diet, wound care, rehabilitation), which testifies to the quality education of nurses. The results for nurses show that nurses know the principles of preoperative and postoperative care. The results of the research pointed to the insufficient psychological support of the patient by the nurses. The nurses perceive this problem, which according to them is related to the lack of staff and thus also the time per patient. The bachelor's thesis, as a recommendation for practice, showed that it is necessary to create a time reserve in the work of nurses so that they can also focus on the psychological support of patients.
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